Pura Besakih (Mother Temple of Bali)

Spiritual philosophy

Revered as the 'Mother Temple' (*Pura Besakih*) of Balinese Hinduism. Perched on the slopes of the sacred Mount Agung volcano, it represents the spiritual protective anchor for the entire island, integrating ancestral worship with the supreme oneness of Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa.

Architecture & structure

Traditional Balinese Hindu Temple Architecture (Pura)

A vast complex comprising 23 distinct sub-temples built on parallel ridges up the mountain slope across six levels. Features multi-tiered thatched roof towers called 'Merus' (ranging up to 11 tiers) built from black palm fiber (*Ijuk*), split stone gateways (*Candi Bentar*), and open-air courtyards framing views of Mount Agung.

Sacred mantras (Sanskrit)

What to go for

Experiencing the spiritual heart of Balinese Hinduism, taking in the striking view of multi-tiered Meru towers against the backdrop of Mount Agung, observing traditional white-clad Balinese pilgrims carrying flower offerings (*Canang Sari*), and walking the ancient stone terraces.

Special rituals & poojas

• Tri Sandhya Chanting & Canang Sari Flower Offerings
• Odalan (Anniversary temple festival held every 210 days according to the Pawukon calendar)
• Eka Dasa Rudra (Grand cosmic purification ritual held once every 100 years)

Events & timings

• Bhatara Turun Kabeh (Grand annual ceremony when all deities are believed to descend to the temple)
• Galungan and Kuningan Festivals
• Daily Opening Hours: 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM (Temple courtyards open 24 hours for worshippers)

Dress code & guidelines

Strict traditional Balinese temple attire required for entry. Visitors must wear a Sarong tied around the waist along with a temple sash (*Selendang*). Shoulders must be covered. Tourists are strictly barred from entering the inner prayer courtyards, which are reserved exclusively for worshippers.